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Possible post-translational modification (Tab. 1). The trend of decreased spot intensity in females can be explained by decreased abundance of the protein or post-translational modification. This trend is similar to the human vastus lateralis mRNA assay performed by Roth et al. [6] in which they found more than three fourths of transcripts up-regulated in males, though the specific proteins are not similar to those presented here. PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11011031 Of interest is that three protein fragments identified here were 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid found to have increased transcription by Yoshioka et al. (ATP synthase, H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex, beta subunit; Malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD [mitochondrial]; Aconitase 2, mitochondrial) [5], despite insignificant expression differences of the full-length protein between genders. This could indicate an increased turnover rate of these proteins in females when compared to males.Tab.1. Proteins contained in spots demonstrating a statistically significant (p<0.05) abundance difference between genders, identified by LC-MS/MS. All proteins quantified showed Mr within 5 kDa of their calculated molecular weight; proteins with Mr outside this range accompanied by a poor N-C distribution of identified peptides were considered proteolytic fragments and are so noted. aThe spot contains multiple proteins passing search criteria.Protein name Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 (mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase) Aconitase 2, mitochondrial Actin, alpha 1 Actin, beta, cytoplasmic Actin, gamma, cytoplasmic 1 Albumin, 1 Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Aldolase 1, A isoform ATP synthase, H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex, beta subunit Citrate synthase Creatine kinase, muscle (CK) Creatine kinase, muscle (pCK)aFold-change in females, p < 0.05 (Label in Fig. 1) -1.54 (1) Fragment +2.32 (2) Fragment Fragment -1.85 (3) -2.27 (4) Fragment Fragment Fragment -2.08 (5) -1.52 (6) -1.61 (7) -1.89 (8) -1.67 (9)KOG group I C, E Z Z Z I R G C C C C C C ZMolecular weight (kDa), Isoelectric point (pH) 42, 8.1 85, 7.8 42, 5.1 42, 5.2 42, 5.2 69, 5.7 36, 6.8 39, 8.0 56, 5.1 52, 8.7 43, 6.6 43. 6.6 43, 6.6 43, 6.6 53, 5.Apparent Mr, pI 41, 6.2 46, 6.0 43, 5.2 27, 5.4 27, 5.4 69, 5.7 37, 6.5 28, 6.3 29, 4.9 28, 6.3 43, 6.6 43, 6.4 43, 6.3 43, 6.3 55, 5.Creatine kinase, muscle (ppCK) Creatine kinase, muscle Desmin (ADP-Ribosylated)Vol. 15. No. 3.Fold-change in females, p < 0.05 (Label in Fig. 1) +1.66 (10) -2.22 (11) -2.22 (12) -5.88 (13) -2.00 (14) +1.51 (15) Fragment -2.44 (16) +5.80 (17) -1.75 (18) -1.64 (19) Fragment -1.39 (20) -2.33 (21) Fragment +3.94 (22) -1.43 (23) -1.75 (24) -1.59 (25) -1.79 (26) -1.52 (6) Fragment -2.00 (27) Fragment -2.22 (12) -2.56 (28) -1.82 (29)CELL. MOL. BIOL. LETT.KOG group Z C C C V C C G O C C E E, I C C C C F G C C G P Z K Z C Molecular weight (kDa), Isoelectric point (pH) 53, 5.1 54, 7.8 68, 8.7 49, 9.3 20, 6.4 35, 8.2 68, 7.3 47, 6.8 72, 4.9 40, 6.3 40, 6.3 42, 8.8 46, 8.3 37, 5.7 36, 8.8 17, 7.6 31, 9.1 17, 7.4 44, 7.6 39, 6.4 43, 8.1 58, 7.2 16, 6.0 2222, 6.7 66, 7.5 29, 9.5 53, 5.8 Apparent Mr, pI 52, 5.3 57, 6.4 65, 5.7 51, 5.9 23, 6.0 33, 6.3 39, 6.9 47, 6.5 72, 4.9 40, 5.5 40, 5.7 32, 6.2 43, 6.2 38, 5.7 28, 6.3 15, 7.0 31, 6.3 17, 7.3 41, 5.8 36, 5.5 43, 6.4 46, 6.0 16, 6.0 43, 6.3 65, 5.7 38, 6.2 48, 5.Protein name Desmin Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (p) (PDH E3) Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase a (PDH E2) Dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase DJ-1 protein Electron transferr.